Business consulting management is in the practice of aiding companies boost their functionality in addition to functionality. The procedure requires looking at the existing problems inside the corporation and creating plans for performance improvement. Plenty of good reasons businesses want the expert services of management experts. Many of these consist of having third party observation and having access to specific skills set and experience. Management professionals have precise training to take care of different business troubles.
As an alternative to stressing over diverse complications in your firm, you might have someone more knowledgeable consider it. Organizations also have little difficulty picking out challenges in corporations. Being part of a firm can make it challenging to discover problems at the same time. You are usually familiar with how things work and any errors or troubles will be hard except if something completely wrong happens. A look at from the outside can simply see the suitable and incorrect procedures.
The potency of third party qualified solutions encouraged an outburst of companies presenting business consulting services. Referring with firms signify the idea of ?best practices.? Sticking to recommendations enables corporations to remain profitable despite your competition. Individuals see agencies pursuing guidelines in a constructive light.
Even so, switch or adoption of these techniques is actually difficult to transport at the same time. Agencies have unique flexible expertise. Several can certainly comply with techniques quicker and much more correctly while others take some time. This is where business consulting comes into play. A specialist can easily assist you on which to perform for the business to execute recommendations. Transferability of efficient techniques relies on the nature of business as well as operational system. Consultancies present assistance in translating suggested techniques based on the nature of the enterprise.
Services under management consulting include change management support, technology implementation, and creation of coaching skills, operational development, and creation of strategy. Business consultants can provide frameworks to work on your performance improvement. They also know different methodologies to figure out problems in your company. Make sure to find someone keen on identifying problems first. You cannot start developing and improving your company if you do not know what is wrong.
Problem identification allows you to develop corresponding strategies. You can properly align methods to address the issues. This also guides what tasks should be there. There are categories under business consultation attempting to solve specific organizational issues. Identify your specific niche and see what consultation services you need.
Find a good consultation provider to make sure you improve your organization. You should work with a proficient and experience consultant. The quality of your consultant determines how much improvement you can make. Search the internet for possible contractors. It is a good source of companies and client feedback. See which providers companies are talking about. Client feedback and ratings offer great information when choosing companies to work with.
Most clients are keen to talk about their experience on services. Decide on those with high ratings and limit options to three or five. Ask for their list of business plan tools. Check their fees. You ought to find someone affordable. There is no point in working with an individual you cannot find the money for.
Perhaps you recall a few months back when I posted the DIY tutorial for these cute pennant baby shower invites. Well, there actually was a baby shower to follow! I just haven?t gotten around to posting it (that is until now) because I wanted to make sure that it truly gets the attention it deserves as it was for a very special baby girl named Harper and her mama, Maaike. When we all heard Maaike was expecting her first baby, everyone wanted to throw her a baby shower as she is both a master entertainer and one of the most kind and generous people you?ll ever meet. While a group of us were in the throes of baby shower planning, baby Harper had a different plan and decided to arrive a bit early than anticipated! Needless to say, Maaike, her hubby Erik, baby Harper, and their entire families had many long and exhausting days ahead of them, but they made it (!!!!) and just before they came home, we were so thrilled to be able to throw this baby shower for them!
Maaike did not want frilly and pink. Her style is mason jars, beautiful flowers, and rustic elements, and we knew Harper?s nursery colors were yellow and red so we decided to go with a pennant theme. I found a book of scrapbook paper in fun patterns and the right colors and used it to make the invites along with this pennant bunting in which I simply used twine to connect each pennant.
Because there were so many people who wanted to celebrate Harper?s arrival, we decided to stick to cocktails, appetizers, and desserts for the late afternoon gathering.
Squat mason jars are perfect dip bowls, especially if you?re on the go.
Remember the wine barrel Lazy Suzan our friend Kim picked up when Maaike introduced us to Newburyport? It was perfect as a cheese platter and the centerpiece of the coffee table.
The vintage soda crates I picked up on my first trip to Brimfield were the perfect way to tote the mason jars we used to serve the lemonade.
I made a pennant bunting for the cake which the bakery made to coordinate with the invites and flags for the cupcakes.
Time to cut the cake!
In addition to the red and yellow theme, we also wanted to make sure that we pulled in some elements from Maaike?s Dutch heritage as it?s very important to her. Tulips, her favorite flowers, were an obvious choice. As baby showers are mostly an American tradition, there aren?t really any Dutch baby shower traditions, however, there is a tradition of serving a special type of cookie called a beschuit met muisjes. With the help of Maaike?s mother, we were able to get our hands on some.
Another Dutch tradition is to write your wishes for a bride and groom and attach them to a tree branch at their wedding. While this wasn?t a wedding, we thought this would still be a fun thing to do by using paper flowers from Paper Source and writing our wishes for baby Harper.
Then it was spoil Maaike and Harper time!
Amy picked up a onesie from one of Maaike?s favorite shops in Key West, Besame Mucho.
Maaike?s niece offers a basket of favorite items that have been passed down through generations of their family?so sweet!
And our friend Jenny brought this beautiful ?Welcome Baby? lilac flower arrangement.
And lastly, we lined the front porch with potted daisies wrapped in tissue and raffia to send home with our guests.
WELCOME TO THE WORLD BABY HARPER!
You are one lucky little girl to have the most wonderful parents, and we all can?t wait to watch you continue to grow into the amazing person we know you?re destined to be!
Image sources: ? Sarah Fernandez, Kate Filloramo, Maaike Bernstrom Photography
Ever since Google+ launched, one of the most intriguing projects to come out of the company?s social strategy is Google+ Hangouts. Basically, it?s a tool to broadcast live video and interact with multiple people at once. It?s a gorgeous product, and works extremely well on both mobile and desktop environments.
Having said that, the folks who are still calling Google+ a ?social network? seem to have started to cast a shadow on Google+ Hangouts, specifically Mike Isaac of AllThingsD. Today, he writes:
?as time passes in a Hangout, the novelty of a group video chat wears off. In the lack of direction, the retention rate suffers.
Thus the dilemma of Hangouts on Google+. Sure, it may be a cool feature, but in the long run, is cool enough?
The first issue is tracking the ?success? of Hangouts. Basically, you don?t know how many Hangouts have taken place on the platform, because not all of them are public. This public vs. private functionality of Google+ has caused many tech analysts to throw up their hands and call the Google+ destination site a ?Ghost Town.?
The second issue I have with Isaac?s assessment of the potential direction of Hangouts is that he refers to it as a ?feature.? This is flawed thinking, just like calling YouTube a feature would be. Google+ Hangouts is a live-streaming platform, one that developers can build apps for. A ?feature? is a +1 button offered up by Google+.
How many live-streaming platforms that provide a third-party API can you rattle off? Not many, I would suspect.
When I think about the power of a platform, I think about how many ways it can be integrated into our daily lives. Video is such a tough nut to crack that we?ve barely scratched the surface. The companies that are well-known for video chat include Skype, which happens to have a partnership with Facebook. It?s a limited experience though, meant for one-on-one conversation.
Hangouts have already destroyed that experience and made it better, so just like any platform, it will take time for developers to make things get even more interesting.
YouTube is a platform for sharing and digesting videos, and it?s a hell of a platform at that. YouTube now brings revenue in for video makers that wasn?t available for them on the web years ago. The same thing can and will happen for Google+ Hangouts. Up until now, you had to have a sophisticated setup or hack to pipe in a bunch of interviewees and make it available to everyone for viewing.
Google+ Hangouts makes that a snap. It?s not a feature, it?s a platform. It?s a platform that could make money for content creators, create a new niche for developers to dive into and make communication better overall. Games, business tools, charitable causes, television shows, plays, dance instructors, chefs and more could benefit from Google+ Hangouts in the longrun.
Platforms take time to grow, and thinking of it in a binary, ?pass? or ?fail? way is a short-sighted way of looking at things.
The licensed practical nursing field in general has suffered shortages repeatedly in the past, as this type of work is self-sacrificing and challenging at times.
Training and Education Different nursing schools, colleges and universities offer LPN training. If you wish to become a licensed nurse you?ll be having a couple of weeks training and then you?ll be writing the exams for the certification and when you get the certification you?ll be operating within the hospitals helping Licensed Practical Nurse.
Generally training at LPN colleges has two parts. One of them is classroom research and also the next one is clinical practice. The medical training mostly happens in hospitals but some universities and schools have different arrangements. In class room studies you will be learning some significant science subjects including pharmacology, nutrition, anatomy, first aid, pediatrics, physiology, and some other subjects as well.
This kind of training offers skills, training and foundations required for health care career. The programs include practical nursing, pharmacology, anatomy, CPR and many more nursing associated subjects. Variations may be found in the curriculums of different schools however the main components of a good LPN program are often included.
After getting license, you?re eligible to practice as a LPN in different types of health care settings. You need to carry out your responsibilities 5 days in a week. Mainly you?ll be operating in a shift lasts eight hours long nevertheless there?ll be some evening shifts for 6 hours starting from 2pm to 8pm that doesn?t affect the salary. You might be needed to work for extra hours during emergencies. The licensed practical nurse usually earns from $28,260 to $53,580 annually.
As soon as students have finished the LPN course, they?ve to join ?on-the-job? training or to experience some internship to become completely prepared for the NCLEX-PN examination, the outcomes of which will have a direct influence on chance to be allowed to start your career as a nurse. You may be offered job in the health care setting in which you are currently working as an intern.
Many LPN schools in Cleveland Ohio offer training to the students. It has made simpler for individuals to get LPN certification. So, are you ready for the LPN programs online courses?
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What To Expect In BSN Program?
LPN Training Opens Horizons For Nursing Occupations
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The Most Popular 7 Online LPN To RN Programs To Choose From!
Hundreds of people everyday are wanting to generate a web-based Web Based Enterprise. You?ll be able to recognize the demand for on-line enterprise by looking at the searches created on the search engines. They may be phrases like make a web based company web site internet, company on the net small net, organization on-line page, company, on the web website web, internet hosting for on the net business and on the internet web site business enterprise opportunity just to mention a handful of.
Not too long ago I wrote numerous articles, one about particular landing pages, another about matching keywords to precise landing pages and the last 1 was on keyword pricing. This time I?m going to cover a number of quick techniques to monitor your campaigns in order that you guarantee you will be accomplishing what you set out to accomplish. Otherwise you?ll not bear the fruits of one?s efforts.
As I talked about in my other articles it is best to make sure that you?ve a various landing page on your web-site for every single region of you small business. By way of example on my site I?ve a landing page for Function At Property, Prime ten small business, House Based Company, Moms Jobs, Affiliates, Data Entry, Online Paid Surveys along with a link to my actual time newsletter.
When utilizing a single with the tools readily available to us referred to as (PPC) Paid Per Click Advertising, whereby we pay a search engine pennies to show our ad when someone varieties in certain keyword. As I talked about in my other report you should break up your keywords and phrases in such a manner as to possess all your keywords and phrases on a given subject sent to the particular landing page. As an example you?ll want to have all Work At Household keywords visit your landing page, which is mainly about Operate At Residence tips. Like wise have you keywords and phrases on Dwelling Based Organization go to the landing page that highlights Household Based Business enterprise Opportunities.
Moreover you don?t desire to bidding against your self so you wish to make certain that you do not mix and match your keywords. You are going to desire to advertise only the keywords that match a specific landing page when working with (PPC) Paid Per Click Marketing. Don?t have Function At House keyword phrases mixed in with On the net Paid Surveys sending persons to many landing Pages.
You might need to use many variation of a given keyword. Think of the conversation going on in your customer?s head. What would you sort in in case you had been looking for the identical issue What would others sort Don?t just set you campaigns to run on a maximum price per click. Do some investigation to determine how much a specific keyword is becoming searched for. This will likely help you set your keyword pricing.
In order that you could possibly make sure that your efforts are operating you can monitor your campaigns on each search engine. Every search engine should have a reports page, whereby you could look up search phrases for the day and it will show you what landing page your prospective client was sent to. If they clicked on the keyword Property Based Business enterprise and they had been sent to your Work At House page rather than your home Based Organization page then you understand modifications are expected. This may show which you need to have dwelling based organization set as a keyword in you work at residence campaign in addition to or instead of your house Base Small business campaign. You are going to either have to delete it and add it to your Home Based Business Campaign or move it there depending on the search engine.
A different tool you may use is usually to add a free of charge counter for your page. There are various on line that track urls so that not only are you able to see the ip address, time, landing page, length of time on your web site, but lots of occasions it will show you the keyword searched for as well. It?s going to assist you to see what needs to me modified on an ongoing basis.
Just about every subtle alter inside your website landing page, keywords, keyword bidding, regardless of how minuscule, has an impact on your customer. I constantly advocate change, monitor, analyze, modify and preserve continuing the process. Evaluate the new transform towards the old one so that you could see which landing page converts greatest.
Please feel no cost to read more of this short article by going to my link within the resource box beneath. I normally enjoy finding emails pertaining to my articles or my internet site. Your feedback is vital to me.
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Even before a jolt of electricity was applied to animate its body, the cyborg twitched with signs of life. No, this isn't a scene from Frankenstein but a lab at Harvard University where the world's first artificial jellyfish has been created. With a single pulse of electricity, it even swims like the real thing.
Called a medusoid, after the umbrella-shaped class of jellyfish it mimics, the silicone cyborg uses heart muscle cells from a rat to recreate the pumping motion of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia aurita. When video of the medusoid is shown alongside that of the real thing, the similarity is startling.
"It's a bit eerie," says Kit Parker of Harvard, who created the jellyfish with colleagues at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. "But the strangest science is often the most awe-inspiring. The first time we got it to work and swim across a dish by itself was a big moment for us."
The work has a serious aim. Parker's team hope to help the search for novel drugs to treat heart problems by studying how differently shaped structures in the heart make heart muscle work in different ways. "Current drug discovery does not take into account [heart] structure, yet heart disease causes structural changes that lead to dysfunction," he says.
Parker was inspired by the similarity between the pumping heart muscle tissue he had seen in the lab and the jellyfish propulsion he saw while visiting the New England Aquarium in Boston. "I then knew I could build a jellyfish," he says. It was tougher than he thought, however, and took four years to perfect.
Medusoid mould
To build the medusoid, the team made a mould based on a 3D computer model of a juvenile jellyfish just 6 millimetres across. They then coated the mould with heart muscle cells from a rat, lining them up in such a way that the alignment of the fibre networks in the muscle matched that of the fibres in the jellyfish. Next they coated it in a thin layer of a liquid silicone polymer.
Once the coating had set, the medusoid could be peeled off the mould with its rat muscle network intact. All this occurred in a solution of magnesium and glucose-rich water, which kept the rat cells fed.
Sometimes the medusoid was already moving in an uncoordinated way when peeled off the mould. But applying a short 1 Hertz alternating current to the solution set it going in a realistic way ? without the need for any extra power ? for up to an hour. Each contraction of the heart muscle makes the artificial jellyfish's body suddenly bend, propelling it forward. The rubber body then slowly regains its initial shape, before contracting again.
"We found both the spatial arrangement of the rat heart cells and the electrical stimulation frequency affect propulsion," says Parker. The team now plans to mimic other marine organisms with "elegant muscular structures".
The medusoids are "ingenious", says Che Connon, who is developing tissue-engineered artificial corneas at the University of Reading in the UK. Biotech labs could use the cyborgs as filters, he says, with possible larger scale uses. "I could easily imagine medusoids used in large numbers to clean up oil spills in a similar manner to the way a jellyfish filters out its food," he adds.
The medusoid technology could also be used as implants in the human body powered by the nutrients in body fluids. One example might be as a pacemaker to replace the metal, battery-powered devices of today.
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This July 26, 2012, photo supplied by the University of Oregon shows three Western Stemmed Projectiles discovered in the Paisley Caves near Paisley, Ore. Stone tools and human DNA from the ancient Oregon caves offer new evidence of how the first Americans spread through the continent- and archaeologists reported Thursday, July 12, 2012, that they have dated broken spear points from the cave to about 13,200 years ago, as old as much different stone tools found elsewhere from the better-known Clovis culture found in the southeast and interior United States.(AP Photo/University of Oregon, Jim Barlow)
This July 26, 2012, photo supplied by the University of Oregon shows three Western Stemmed Projectiles discovered in the Paisley Caves near Paisley, Ore. Stone tools and human DNA from the ancient Oregon caves offer new evidence of how the first Americans spread through the continent- and archaeologists reported Thursday, July 12, 2012, that they have dated broken spear points from the cave to about 13,200 years ago, as old as much different stone tools found elsewhere from the better-known Clovis culture found in the southeast and interior United States.(AP Photo/University of Oregon, Jim Barlow)
File--This July 23, 2008, file photo, shows the sagebrush desert of Summer Lake Basin and Winter Ridge silhouetted by one of the Paisley Caves near Paisley, Ore. Stone tools and human DNA from the ancient Oregon caves offer new evidence of how the first Americans spread through the continent--archaeologists reported Thursday, July 12, 2012, that they have dated broken spear points from the cave to about 13,200 years ago, as old as much different stone tools found elsewhere from the better-known Clovis culture found in the southeast and interior United States.(AP Photo/Jeff Barnard, file)
GRANTS PASS, Ore. (AP) ? Stone tools and human DNA from ancient caves in Oregon offer new evidence of how some of the first Americans spread through the continent: Quite apart from the better-known Clovis culture, a separate group occupied the West.
Archaeologists reported Thursday they have dated broken spear points from the caves to about 13,200 years ago, as old as much different stone tools found elsewhere from the Clovis culture.
University of Oregon archaeologist Dennis Jenkins says that indicates the Clovis style of chipping stone tools was not the mother of Stone Age technology. He says the two styles were developed independently by different groups that may have taken separate routes through the continent after crossing the Ice Age land bridge from Asia.
The findings appeared Thursday in the online edition of the journal Science.
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Native American populations descend from 3 key migrationsPublic release date: 11-Jul-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: George Wigmore g.wigmore@ucl.ac.uk 44-020-767-99041 University College London
Scientists have found that Native American populations from Canada to the southern tip of Chile arose from at least three migrations, with the majority descended entirely from a single group of First American migrants that crossed over through Beringia, a land bridge between Asia and America that existed during the ice ages, more than 15,000 years ago.
By studying variations in Native American DNA sequences, the international team found that while most of the Native American populations arose from the first migration, two subsequent migrations also made important genetic contributions. The paper is published in the journal Nature today.
"For years it has been contentious whether the settlement of the Americas occurred by means of a single or multiple migrations from Siberia," said Professor Andres Ruiz-Linares (UCL Genetics, Evolution and Environment), who coordinated the study. "But our research settles this debate: Native Americans do not stem from a single migration. Our study also begins to cast light on patterns of human dispersal within the Americas."
In the most comprehensive survey of genetic diversity in Native Americans so far, the team took data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups, studying more than 300,000 specific DNA sequence variations called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to examine patterns of genetic similarities and differences between the population groups.
The second and third migrations have left an impact only in Arctic populations that speak Eskimo-Aleut languages and in the Canadian Chipewyan who speak a Na-Dene language. However, even these populations have inherited most of their genome from the First American migration. Eskimo-Aleut speakers derive more than 50% of their DNA from First Americans, and the Chipewyan around 90%. This reflects the fact that these two later streams of Asian migration mixed with the First Americans they encountered after they arrived in North America.
"There are at least three deep lineages in Native American populations," said co-author David Reich, Professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School. "The Asian lineage leading to First Americans is the most anciently diverged, whereas the Asian lineages that contributed some of the DNA to EskimoAleut speakers and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada are more closely related to present-day East Asian populations."
The team also found that once in the Americas, people expanded southward along a route that hugged the coast with populations splitting off along the way. After divergence, there was little gene flow among Native American groups, especially in South America.
Two striking exceptions to this simple dispersal were also discovered. First, Central American Chibchan-speakers have ancestry from both North and South America, reflecting back-migration from South America and mixture of two widely separated strands of Native ancestry. Second, the Naukan and coastal Chukchi from north-eastern Siberia carry 'First American' DNA. Thus, Eskimo-Aleut speakers migrated back to Asia, bringing Native American genes.
The team's analysis was complicated by the influx into the hemisphere of European and African immigrants since 1492 and the 500 years of genetic mixing that followed. To address this, the authors developed methods that allowed them to focus on the sections of peoples' genomes that were of entirely Native American origin.
"The study of Native American populations is technically very challenging because of the widespread occurrence of European and African mixture in Native American groups," said Professor Ruiz-Linares.
"We developed a method to peel back this mixture to learn about the relationships among Native Americans before Europeans and Africans arrived," Professor Reich said, "allowing us to study the history of many more Native American populations than we could have done otherwise."
The assembly of DNA samples from such a diverse range of populations was only possible through a collaboration of an international team of 64 researchers from the Americas (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Russia and the USA), Europe (England, France, Spain and Switzerland) and Russia.
###
Notes for Editors
1. For more information, please contact Andres Ruiz-Linares on office number +44 (0)20 3108 4003, mobile +44 07900181839, e-mail a.ruizlin@ucl.ac.uk, or David Reich on office number +1 (617) 432-6548, e-mail: reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.
2. Alternatively, please contact George Wigmore in the UCL Media Relations Office on tel: +44 (0)20 76799041, out of hours +44 (0)7917 271 364, e-mail: g.wigmore@ucl.ac.uk.
3. 'Reconstructing Native American population history' is published in the journal Nature on 1800 London time / 1300 US Eastern Time on 11 July 2012. Journalists can obtain copies of the paper by contacting UCL Media Relations.
About UCL (University College London)
Founded in 1826, UCL was the first English university established after Oxford and Cambridge, the first to admit students regardless of race, class, religion or gender, and the first to provide systematic teaching of law, architecture and medicine. We are among the world's top universities, as reflected by performance in a range of international rankings and tables. UCL currently has 24,000 students from almost 140 countries, and more than 9,500 employees. Our annual income is over 800 million.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk | Follow us on Twitter @uclnews
About HMS (Harvard Medical School)
Harvard Medical School (http://www.hms.harvard.edu) has more than 7,500 full-time faculty working in 11 academic departments located at the School's Boston campus or in one of 47 hospital-based clinical departments at 16 Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals and research institutes. Those affiliates include Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge Health Alliance, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Hebrew SeniorLife, Joslin Diabetes Center, Judge Baker Children's Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital, Mount Auburn Hospital, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, and VA Boston Healthcare System.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Native American populations descend from 3 key migrationsPublic release date: 11-Jul-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: George Wigmore g.wigmore@ucl.ac.uk 44-020-767-99041 University College London
Scientists have found that Native American populations from Canada to the southern tip of Chile arose from at least three migrations, with the majority descended entirely from a single group of First American migrants that crossed over through Beringia, a land bridge between Asia and America that existed during the ice ages, more than 15,000 years ago.
By studying variations in Native American DNA sequences, the international team found that while most of the Native American populations arose from the first migration, two subsequent migrations also made important genetic contributions. The paper is published in the journal Nature today.
"For years it has been contentious whether the settlement of the Americas occurred by means of a single or multiple migrations from Siberia," said Professor Andres Ruiz-Linares (UCL Genetics, Evolution and Environment), who coordinated the study. "But our research settles this debate: Native Americans do not stem from a single migration. Our study also begins to cast light on patterns of human dispersal within the Americas."
In the most comprehensive survey of genetic diversity in Native Americans so far, the team took data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups, studying more than 300,000 specific DNA sequence variations called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to examine patterns of genetic similarities and differences between the population groups.
The second and third migrations have left an impact only in Arctic populations that speak Eskimo-Aleut languages and in the Canadian Chipewyan who speak a Na-Dene language. However, even these populations have inherited most of their genome from the First American migration. Eskimo-Aleut speakers derive more than 50% of their DNA from First Americans, and the Chipewyan around 90%. This reflects the fact that these two later streams of Asian migration mixed with the First Americans they encountered after they arrived in North America.
"There are at least three deep lineages in Native American populations," said co-author David Reich, Professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School. "The Asian lineage leading to First Americans is the most anciently diverged, whereas the Asian lineages that contributed some of the DNA to EskimoAleut speakers and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada are more closely related to present-day East Asian populations."
The team also found that once in the Americas, people expanded southward along a route that hugged the coast with populations splitting off along the way. After divergence, there was little gene flow among Native American groups, especially in South America.
Two striking exceptions to this simple dispersal were also discovered. First, Central American Chibchan-speakers have ancestry from both North and South America, reflecting back-migration from South America and mixture of two widely separated strands of Native ancestry. Second, the Naukan and coastal Chukchi from north-eastern Siberia carry 'First American' DNA. Thus, Eskimo-Aleut speakers migrated back to Asia, bringing Native American genes.
The team's analysis was complicated by the influx into the hemisphere of European and African immigrants since 1492 and the 500 years of genetic mixing that followed. To address this, the authors developed methods that allowed them to focus on the sections of peoples' genomes that were of entirely Native American origin.
"The study of Native American populations is technically very challenging because of the widespread occurrence of European and African mixture in Native American groups," said Professor Ruiz-Linares.
"We developed a method to peel back this mixture to learn about the relationships among Native Americans before Europeans and Africans arrived," Professor Reich said, "allowing us to study the history of many more Native American populations than we could have done otherwise."
The assembly of DNA samples from such a diverse range of populations was only possible through a collaboration of an international team of 64 researchers from the Americas (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Russia and the USA), Europe (England, France, Spain and Switzerland) and Russia.
###
Notes for Editors
1. For more information, please contact Andres Ruiz-Linares on office number +44 (0)20 3108 4003, mobile +44 07900181839, e-mail a.ruizlin@ucl.ac.uk, or David Reich on office number +1 (617) 432-6548, e-mail: reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.
2. Alternatively, please contact George Wigmore in the UCL Media Relations Office on tel: +44 (0)20 76799041, out of hours +44 (0)7917 271 364, e-mail: g.wigmore@ucl.ac.uk.
3. 'Reconstructing Native American population history' is published in the journal Nature on 1800 London time / 1300 US Eastern Time on 11 July 2012. Journalists can obtain copies of the paper by contacting UCL Media Relations.
About UCL (University College London)
Founded in 1826, UCL was the first English university established after Oxford and Cambridge, the first to admit students regardless of race, class, religion or gender, and the first to provide systematic teaching of law, architecture and medicine. We are among the world's top universities, as reflected by performance in a range of international rankings and tables. UCL currently has 24,000 students from almost 140 countries, and more than 9,500 employees. Our annual income is over 800 million.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk | Follow us on Twitter @uclnews
About HMS (Harvard Medical School)
Harvard Medical School (http://www.hms.harvard.edu) has more than 7,500 full-time faculty working in 11 academic departments located at the School's Boston campus or in one of 47 hospital-based clinical departments at 16 Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals and research institutes. Those affiliates include Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge Health Alliance, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Hebrew SeniorLife, Joslin Diabetes Center, Judge Baker Children's Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital, Mount Auburn Hospital, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, and VA Boston Healthcare System.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Last month, Aung San Suu Kyi?advised foreign companies not to invest in the state-run Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise until it became more accountable and open.
By Simon Roughneen,?Correspondent / July 12, 2012
Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi (l.) arrives to attend a regular session of parliament at Myanmar Lower House on Thursday, July 12, in Naypyitaw, Myanmar.
Khin Maung Win/AP
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In what appeared to be a rare snub by American lawmakers for Myanmar parliamentarian and long-time detainee Aung San Suu Kyi, the United States on Wednesday gave a go-ahead for American businesses to invest in Myanmar's oil and gas sectors ? the largest easing of sanctions in the past 15 years.
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?The United States is easing restrictions to allow US companies to responsibly do business in Burma," said President Obama, using the old name for Myanmar as Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi does.
Aung San Suu Kyi does support sanctions-lifting by Western countries and investment by Western business in keeping with the reforms undertaken by Myanmar's nominally-civilian government in office since March 2011. But she has expressed caution regarding the Myanmar state-run energy company, long regarded as a cesspit of corruption with tight links to the country's abusive military. Last month the National League for Democracy (NLD) parliamentarian warned that ?the Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) ? with which all foreign participation in the energy sector takes place through joint venture arrangements, lacks both transparency and accountability at present.?
The US and some other Western governments have long taken their cue on Myanmar policy from Aung San Suu Kyi, but the Obama administration's decision on investment runs against that well-worn grain.
The US has likely taken what it sees as a pragmatic pro-business policy decision based on what it views as a combination meeting of strategic interests (countering China) and rewards as promised for the Myanmar government undertaking reforms.
The new US policy also allows American companies to bed down with MOGE, though they will be required to report annually to the State Department with evidence that their investments factor in workers' rights and the environment.
Reacting to the US announcement today, Aung San Suu Kyi told AFP that the move was ?nothing significant,? and wondered whether the US had sought some form of improved transparency from MOGE prior to the announcement.
Aung San Suu Kyi was recently-chided by the Myanmar government for continuing to call the country ?Burma,? the name of choice for opponents of Myanmar's military dictatorship, which issued a decree in 1989 changing the country's name from Burma to Myanmar in a move still controversial due to its arbitrary genesis.
The announcement came just hours after Ambassador Derek Mitchell took up post in Myanmar, the first American emissary to hold that position since 1990, when the NLD famously won a national election but was denied office by the military junta.
(Updated 3:01 p.m. Eastern) WASHINGTON --?The Federal Reserve is leaning toward taking further action to support the struggling U.S. economy. But minutes of the Fed's June meeting show policymakers are at odds over whether the economy needs more help now.
A few said the economy may already require additional support. But several others noted that further action "could be warranted" if the recovery lost momentum, if risks became more pronounced or inflation seemed likely to run below the committee's target.
Investors appeared to be disappointed by the division within the Fed.
Stock prices sank after the Fed expressed concerns about the economy. The Dow Jones industrial average had been down nearly 40 points before the minutes were released at 2 p.m. Eastern time. At around 2:30 p.m., the Dow was down 112 points, on track for its fifth straight day of losses.
Fed officials signaled at the June 19-20 meeting their concern that the struggling U.S. economy could worsen if Congress fails to avert tax hikes and across-the-board spending cuts that kick in at the end of the year. And they expressed worries that Europe's debt crisis will weigh on U.S. growth.
Members said the economy will likely continue to grow moderately. But the Fed lowered its growth forecast at the June meeting, noting that the U.S. job market had weakened and consumer spending slowed. It also said it didn't expect the unemployment rate to fall much further this year from its current 8.2 percent.
Since the Fed met last month, the job market's weakness has persisted. The government said Friday that hiring in June was weak for a third straight month. The economy added just 80,000 jobs last month.
Some members noted that defense contractors are already laying plans for layoffs if lawmakers don't address the package of tax hikes and spending cuts by the end of the year. Members warned that tighter government spending could slow the economy well into next year.
Related: Do you make $30,000 a year or less? We want to hear from you.
At the meeting, the Fed extended a program that shifts its bond portfolio to try to lower long-term interest rates. Policymakers left open the possibility of providing further help, such as launching a new program of bond purchases.
Chairman Ben Bernanke may offer further guidance on the Fed's plans next week when he delivers the central bank's updated economic assessment to Congress. After the June meeting, Bernanke told reporters he was open to another round of bond purchases if the job market didn't improve.
Employers added an average of just 75,000 jobs a month in the April-June quarter ? only about a third of the 225,000 jobs a month created in the first three months of the year.
Many economists predict the Fed will hold off for one more meeting and give the job market a little longer to show improvement. If it doesn't show gains, the Fed could announce some new action at its Sept. 12-13 meeting.
Since the recession, the Fed has bought more than $2 trillion in Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities, expanding its portfolio to more than $2.8 trillion.
After its last meeting, the Fed downgraded its economic outlook. It now expects growth of just 1.9 percent to 2.4 percent in 2012, half a percentage point lower than its April forecast.?
Below,?CNBC's Brian Sullivan, Brian Shactman and Rick Santelli discuss the Fed notes with PIMCO's Bill Gross.?
? 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
MONDAY, July 9 (HealthDay News) -- A daily drink combining several nutrients appears to help people with early Alzheimer's disease improve their memory, a new study suggests.
As Alzheimer's progresses, patients lose their memory as synapses (connections between brain cells) deteriorate, according to background information included in the study. The new drink, called Souvenaid, may actually stimulate the growth of new synapses, said the drink's inventor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology scientist Dr. Richard Wurtman.
But more research is needed before the drink could be made available to the public. And, even then, consumers should exercise caution, said William Thies, vice president for medical and scientific affairs at the Alzheimer's Association.
Nutricia, a division of Dannon, sponsored the study. MIT has a patent on Souvenaid, and Nutricia has the exclusive license on the patent.
"Existing data now suggests that it may be possible to receive something that will sustain cognition in people with Alzheimer's disease with a limited concern about side effects," Wurtman said.
Previous experiments in animals showed that giving them the three compounds included in the drink increased the production of synapses improving brain function, he said.
For the new study, nearly 260 early Alzheimer's patients in Europe drank either Souvenaid or a placebo for six months.
During the first three months of the study, patients in both groups showed improved memory. After that, however, patients taking the placebo had a decline in memory. In contrast, patients taking Souvenaid continued to show improved memory on tests used to assess Alzheimer's patients.
Whether Souvenaid will slow the progression of Alzheimer's isn't known. There is, however, a longer trial going on that might answer that question, Wurtman said. "I don't think it has any effect on the fundamental diseases process, but we'll see," he said.
The report was published in the July 10 online edition of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.
The drink combines three ingredients: choline, uridine and omega-3 fatty acids.
Choline is a B vitamin found in meats, nuts and eggs, and omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish, eggs, flaxseed and meat from grass-fed animals. Uridine, which is produced by the liver and kidneys, is also found in some foods as a part of RNA, which helps make protein in the body.
These nutrients, along with other proteins, are essential for making brain-cell membranes that form synapses. To be effective, all three compounds must be given together, the researchers said.
Nearly all patients drank the nutrient cocktail consistently throughout the study, and there were no serious side effects, the researchers reported.
To show the drink's effect on the brain, patients underwent electroencephalography (EEG) throughout the trial. During the study, the brains of those taking the drink shifted from patterns of dementia to more normal ones, the researchers found.
Since EEG patterns reflect the activity of synapses, this result suggests that synaptic function increased with treatment, the researchers said.
An earlier study found that patients with more advanced Alzheimer's did not benefit from Souvenaid, most likely because brains cells had already been lost so new synapses couldn't develop, Wurtman said.
There are as yet no plans to market Souvenaid, so the cost hasn't been established, company spokesman William Green said.
"Souvenaid is a test product in development, which is still undergoing clinical trials," Green said. "No plans for the introduction of Souvenaid to the market -- either in Europe or the U.S. -- have been confirmed. It is probable that any introduction would take place first in Europe."
An ongoing study will evaluate the product over two years. If it appears to have a positive effect, then it may be something that could benefit patients even before definitive symptoms of Alzheimer's appear, Wurtman said.
Thies, of the Alzheimer's Association, is very cautious about the benefits of Souvenaid.
"Medical foods do not have a requirement for FDA premarket approval, but they do have a requirement for having a scientific foundation and some evidence of efficacy," he said. "But they don't have the kind of data we would find for a medication."
That makes it difficult to make a clear-cut statement about the value of the product, he said.
"There isn't a clear diet that prevents you from getting Alzheimer's disease or improves your memory," Thies said.
In addition, medical foods for Alzheimer's most likely won't be covered by insurance, he said.
"You are making a judgment without the protections you have when dealing with a medication," Thies said. "You're going to be making a decision using your own funds and we would advise anybody to make sure they understand what the product offers and make sure they understand what it's going to cost."
More information
For more about Alzheimer's disease, visit the Alzheimer's Association.
Strikeforce bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey is one of six athletes who will appear on different covers of ESPN the Magazine's Body Issue. Rousey is not the first fighter to appear in the yearly issue dedicating to celebrating athletes' bodies. Jon Jones, Gina Carano and the Cyborgs have all appeared in previous issues.
The magazine officially drops on newsstands Tuesday. To see the complete pictures of Rousey and every athlete featured in the magazine, check here. To see more Rousey in the cage, wait until Aug. 18, when she'll attempt to defend her belt for the first time.
9 July 2012PPP Canada has appointed Carol Beaulieu and Michael Mills as vice presidents for business development and investments respectively.
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